Pain From Your Second Brain

Pain From Your Second Brain

Ever had a stomachache that totally ruined your day? The gut is home to a whole collection of nerve and immune cells that make up what is known as the “enteric nervous system.” These nerve and immune cells are constantly in communication with our brain, and these messages can directly influence our thoughts! In this post, we learn more about the molecules that play a role in signaling the perception of pain in the gut!

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Turning back the clock: reversing aging to restore sight

Turning back the clock: reversing aging to restore sight

As humans age, we all experience changes to our bodies. Have you ever wondered if it’s possible to reverse those signs of aging? In this paper, we cover how scientists make use of the “molecular time keepers” in the neurons of our retina (in the back of our eyes!) to “turn back the clock” on old nerve cells!

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Brain cancer can talk, and talking can help it grow

Brain cancer can talk, and talking can help it grow

To allow us to do all the things we need to do in our daily lives, the neurons in our brain have to communicate with each other. To do this, neurons make connections, called synapses, with other neurons. It turns out that when a tumor starts growing in the brain, the cancer cells can actually hijack this normal machinery to make itself grow bigger, faster. Here, we explore how cells in the brain communicate with a cancerous tumor growing inside it.

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How does our brain’s activity shape behavior?

How does our brain’s activity shape behavior?

Suppose you have a ritual of eating cereal every morning for breakfast. Normally, you shake out the proper amount of cereal, grab a spoon, and dig in. But one morning, you find no cereal in the usual spot. Maybe the cereal box was left on the table? Or is it in the pantry? These examples depict two kinds of internal states, one in which the cereal is readily available and one in which food must be sought after. How does the brain represent these internal states?

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A brief history of our language for the brain: Vocabulary, dictionary, and poetry

A brief history of our language for the brain:  Vocabulary, dictionary, and poetry

To understand how the brain works, we first need a list of its parts and some rules for putting them together—in other words, we need a language for the brain. The way that neuroscientists are developing this language is not unlike how a tiny human learns to speak: we first assemble a vocabulary, then add meaning to build a dictionary, and finally develop grammar to link these components together. But mental processes do not come together in an orderly fashion like phrases in a sentence. Instead, brain processes unfold simultaneously as each part of the brain remains at least a little bit engaged at all times. In other words, the language of the brain need not be a linear sentence—it’s more like poetry.

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What inner feelings do flies sing?

What inner feelings do flies sing?

How we feel has a big impact on how we respond to the same sensory information. For example, a plate of cookies could be enticing or uninteresting, depending on whether you’re hungry or full. But sometimes it can be quite difficult to define these “inner states",” especially in less expressive animals like flies. In a new study, scientists from Princeton use mathematical modeling to uncover the hidden internal states of singing flies.

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The tug-of-war of memory: pattern completion and pattern separation in the brain

The tug-of-war of memory: pattern completion and pattern separation in the brain

You probably have no trouble distinguishing these two kittens from one another, even though they look very similar. You can also probably remember last night’s pasta dinner separately from last week’s pasta dinner. How does your brain differentiate between highly similar experiences? Join us as we dig into a new study from researchers at the Pasteur Institute in France, which uses virtual reality and sophisticated neural recording techniques to explore this very question.

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Grit Fuels the Cognitive Engine on the Road to Success

Grit Fuels the Cognitive Engine on the Road to Success

What do successful people have in common? Although cognitive abilities are often thought to play a leading role in achieving one’s academic or career goals, other factors like environmental conditions, hard work, and persistence in the face of failure might shape our skillset and influence success in a given path. Even Charles Darwin thought that intelligence -although helpful- had a limited contribution to success in humans compared with attributes like "grit", defined as “the passion and perseverance for long-term goals of personal significance”

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